Harare's Lake Chivero faces ecological crisis

Environmental experts have raised alarms over the worsening pollution of Lake Chivero, citing the absence of pre-treatment facilities for industrial and municipal waste as a key factor driving ecological degradation.

Authorities and private companies have been accused of discharging untreated effluent directly into the sewer system, a practice that contravenes environmental regulations and threatens aquatic life.

"Section 59 of the Environmental Management Act requires pre-treatment facilities, yet most industries fail to comply. The City of Harare itself does not have such facilities, creating a situation where untreated municipal and industrial waste ends up in the lake," said local governance expert Mr Reuben Akili.

According to recent reports, over 300 companies in Harare lack pre-treatment systems, while the council's current enforcement measures are minimal. Offending companies are fined an average of US$300 per offence, with little follow-up action. The 2026 budget proposes increasing fines to US$600, but experts argue this approach generates revenue without addressing the environmental crisis.

Environmental Management Agency (EMA) findings reveal alarming water quality trends. Ms Amkela Sidange, EMA Education and Publicity Manager, said, "We have recorded low dissolved oxygen, high biological oxygen demand, and elevated nitrate levels. This shows that the lake is heavily polluted, with many organisms competing for oxygen due to the high nutrient load. Cyanobacteria blooms are already killing aquatic life and wildlife."

Experts warn that without coordinated interventions, Lake Chivero's ecological health could deteriorate further, threatening both biodiversity and water security for surrounding communities.

"Robust and collective measures are critical. Industries must comply with pre-treatment regulations, and the council must enforce them effectively. Otherwise, Lake Chivero's once-pristine ecosystem will be lost," said Sidange.