Irrigation schemes remain severely underutilised

Zimbabwe's large-scale irrigation schemes remain severely underutilised, raising concerns over national food security as the country grapples with the effects of climate change, according to a recent Parliamentary Portfolio Committee report.

The report, compiled by the Committee on Lands, Agriculture, Fisheries, Water and Rural Development, highlighted that despite significant investments, much of the irrigation infrastructure remains idle, with fears that some equipment may have been stolen or diverted by well-connected individuals.

The Ministry of Lands had previously identified 2.2 million hectares of irrigable land potential, with a target of 350,000 hectares under irrigation by 2025 under the National Accelerated Irrigation Rehabilitation and Development Plan. However, progress currently stands at just 217,000 hectares.

"This underutilisation undermines the broader goals of the Agriculture and Food Systems Transformation Strategy, particularly in the wake of climate change-induced droughts," the report said.

Several major schemes were cited for operational challenges. At Mushandike, only 300 hectares are under irrigation out of a potential 847 hectares, with low water levels at Mushandike Dam—currently at 28%—and 8km of unlined canals causing significant water loss. Illegal settlers along canals further exacerbate shortages.

Tokwane-Ngundu, designed for 195 hectares, has just 140 hectares actively cultivated, hindered by inadequate tillage equipment, drainage problems, and lack of security infrastructure. Chaora Block in Mberengwa remains stalled, with zero hectares under irrigation due to incomplete works caused by unpaid contractors. At Chimwe, only a portion of the 64-hectare scheme is effectively utilised.

The committee identified outdated irrigation technology, leadership challenges, vandalism, poor canal maintenance, and weak governance structures as major obstacles. Unlined canals and illegal settlements siphoning water further reduce efficiency.

The report urged urgent action to operationalise the V30 model nationwide and ensure large-scale irrigation schemes function as accountable entities capable of sustainable water management.

"The potential productivity is significant, especially considering the availability of large water bodies such as Tugwi-Mukosi and Marovanyati, which could transform irrigation across Masvingo and other provinces," the report concluded.