Rwanda votes in parliamentary elections

Kigali - Rwandans vote on Monday in parliamentary polls seen as a shoo-in for President Paul Kagame's Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), the party that has held sway over the central African state since ending the genocide 20 years ago.

At least six million people will be eligible to cast their ballots when polling stations open at 07:00, with turnout expected to be enthusiastic despite a low-key campaign and the absence of any serious opposition to the RPF.

The only incident to upset the calm pre-vote atmosphere was the explosion of two grenades over the weekend in a market in the capital Kigali, a city reputed to be among Africa's safest.

There was no claim of responsibility, but the Rwandan government blamed dissidents linked to the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), a rebel group which operates across the border in Democratic Republic of Congo.

The FDLR includes remnants of Hutu extremist militia who carried out the 1994 genocide in Rwanda but who were pushed out by Kagame's RPF, at the time a rebel army.

For the parliamentary polls, the RPF is leading a coalition that includes four smaller parties.

The tiny opposition or independent parties - including the Liberals, Social Democrats and the PS-Imberakuri - will be trying to scrape a handful of the seats by winning at least five percent of the popular vote, but are seen as having little chance in denting the dominance of the RPF.

Out of the 80 seats up for grabs, 53 are directly elected and 24 are reserved for women, the youth and handicapped - who are indirectly elected by local and national councils on Tuesday and Wednesday.

This configuration has ensured that Rwanda has the only parliament where women are in a majority - 56.3% after the last elections.

Dramatic transformation

Kagame's RPF currently holds 42 out of the 53 directly elected seats, while deputies holding the indirectly elected seats, although in principle non-partisan, have been supportive of the majority.

With Rwanda's economy one of the continent's fastest growing, the government is keen to show off the elections as a badge of national unity and democratic health.

The small nation was left in ruins by the brutal genocide of 1994, in which close to a million people, mostly from the ethnic Tutsi minority, were butchered by Hutu extremists.

Rwanda has undergone a dramatic transformation in the past two decades, with powerful economic growth and the strangling of corruption credited to the strong rule of Kagame.

The World Bank's ease of doing business index for 2013 ranked Rwanda 52nd out of 185 countries, and third best in sub-Saharan Africa - after Mauritius and South Africa.

But critics say the economic growth and security have come at the expense of freedom of expression.

The Liberals and Social Democrats both backed the overwhelming election of Kagame in 2003, and while they put forward candidates for the next polls five years later, that did not stop Kagame from an overwhelming win again with 93 percent of votes.

Meanwhile PS-Imberakuri, whose former leader was jailed in 2010 for crimes against state security and "sectarianism", is now believed to have been effectively taken over by supporters of the ruling party.

Rwanda's Green Party won official recognition last month but chose not to field candidates as it said it did not have time to prepare.